会计专业英语复习提纲第三章
发布时间:2014-12-07 浏览量:0
第三章 账项调整与财务报表编制
1. 请描述公司的年度报告期间。(Please describe the financial period of a company?)
Normally the financial period is one year, which means to prepare a yearly financial statement. The reporting period is not only the calendar year, which ended in 31/12, it also can be a continuous 12 months or a 52 weeks period
年度报告期间涵盖了一年,它指的是编制年度财务报表。年度报告期间不一定都是以12月31日为截止日期的日历年度。会计主体可以选择连续的12个月作为一个会计年度,也可以采用52周作为其年度报告期间。
2.什么是权责发生制会计和收付实现制会计?
(What is accrual basis accounting ?What is cash basis accounting?)
由于权责发生制会计要求凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用,不论款项是否收付,都应当作为当期的收入和费用;凡是不属于当期的收入和费用,即使款项已在当期收付,也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。因此在权责发生制下要使用账项调整来确认已经取得的收入和已经发生的费用(并将其进行配比)。
收付实现制是以收到或支付现金作为确认收入和费用的依据。
3.权责发生制会计的优点是什么?收付实现制的缺点是什么?
(What are the advantages of accrual basis accounting? What are the shortcomings a cash basis accounting?)
Advantages of accrual basis accounting:
(1) It can better reflects the accounting entity operation situation
(2) It increases the comparability among different financial statements in different periods.
4.调账过程需要遵循的两个原则是什么?调账的目的与这两个原则有什么关系?
(What are the two principles we have to follow when posting?)
Revenue recognition principle (收入确认原则) and matching principle(配比原则)
The purpose of posting is to make sure that when we receive the income, we have to confirm it and to record the expenses incurred together with the revenue received at the same accounting period.调整的主要目的就是让收入在取得的时候得到确认,同时将费用和它们所带来的收入记入同一个会计期间。
5.企业为什么要编制中期财务报表?
(Why we have to prepare interim financial statement?)
The preparation of interim financial statement is to provide valid information for the decision maker in time.
编制中期财务报表(通常在一年以内)的目的是及时给决策者提供信息。
6.收付实现制会计符合配比原则么?
(Does cash basis accounting match the matching principle?)
No .
7.调整主要涉及到哪四种类型?(What are the four types of adjusting entries?)
(1)Prepaid expenses 待摊费用 (2)Unearned revenues 递延收入
(3)Accrued expenses 预提费用 (4)Accrued revenues 应计收益
8什么是备抵账户?请解释其用途。
(What is contra account? Please give an example of contra account.)
备抵账户是一种为了抵减其他账户余额而设立的账户, 它与另一个账户存在关联且二者的正常余额方向正好相反。例如,“累计折旧-设备”账户,该账户包含了以前各期资产的全部折旧费用。该账户的余额要从“设备”账户的余额中扣除,备抵账户是的看资产负债表的人既能了解资产的总成本,又能了解资产的总折旧额。
9.什么是预提费用?请举例说明。(What is accrued expense? Please give an example.)
Accrued expenses mean the costs which already incurred in one accounting period, but haven’t been paid and recorded. All accrued expenses must list as expense in the income statement.
预提费用是指在某一会计期间内已经发生,但仍未支付和记录的各种成本。 预提费用必须列入费用发生当期的利润表。
10我们需要使用调整后的试算平衡表中的哪些账户来编制利润表?在使用调整后的试算平衡表编制财务报表的过程中,通常第二步编制的是什么报表?
我们需要使用其中的收入账户和费用账户来编制利润表,通常第二步编制的是所有者权益表(statement of owner’s equity).